For the full series of shoulder examination tutorials, visit the AMBOSS Library: https://go.amboss.com/OrthoShoulderExam

The lift-off test is used to test the subscapularis muscle, an internal rotator of the shoulder, in isolation. The patient is asked to place the dorsum of the hand on the small of the back, which causes an internal rotation of the shoulder joint. The patient is now asked to lift the dorsum of the hand off of the back to increase the internal rotation, which should be possible if there is pathology of the subscapularis muscle. The patient is asked to repeat this maneuver against resistance. The test is considered positive if the patient is unable to do so or complains of pain on doing so. A positive lift-off test indicates a pathology of the subscapularis muscle (e.g., subscapularis weakness, rotator cuff tear).

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