iCloud with Find My Mac offers the ability to lock your Mac if it's lost or stolen. This isn't nearly as powerful as the iOS version of Macs, as a stolen Mac will likely not have an active internet connection. However, if the thief can log in to the Mac and sign into a wifi access point, they would then find the Mac forced rebooting and locking itself, so all the data on the Mac was protected.

It will even lock a user out of booting into recovery mode. However, you can bypass this on certain Macs (thus far only been confirmed on non-T2 Intel Macs, I have did not try this on my Mac Pro 2019).

It requires the following steps:

1: Lock a Mac using iCloud's Find My (the Mac to have to Find My enabled and must connect to the internet after the lock has been initiated)
2: Wait for the Mac to reboot the activation lock screen. Reboot the Mac into recovery mode by holding command + R.
3: Reboot the Mac again. It will now get back to the login screen, defeating the Activation Lock.

Original thread:
https://www.reddit.com/r/mac/comments/zelhd2/be_warned_permanent_unpatchable_activation_lock/

Full Blog Post:
http://blog.greggant.com/posts/2022/12/08/macos-defeat-activation-lock-intel-macs.html