Psychoanalysis | Wikipedia audio article |
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Psychoanalysis 00:03:01 1 History 00:03:10 1.1 1890s 00:07:35 1.2 1900–1940s 00:11:50 1.3 1940s–present 00:14:08 2 Theories 00:15:17 2.1 Topographic theory 00:16:01 2.2 Structural theory 00:16:53 2.3 Theoretical and Clinical Approaches 00:17:10 2.3.1 Ego Psychology 00:20:23 2.3.2 Modern conflict theory 00:21:54 2.3.3 Object relations theory 00:25:20 2.3.4 Self psychology 00:26:10 2.3.5 Jacques Lacan and Lacanian psychoanalysis 00:27:56 2.3.6 Interpersonal psychoanalysis 00:28:45 2.3.7 Culturalist psychoanalysis 00:29:12 2.3.8 Feminist psychoanalysis 00:30:39 2.3.9 Adaptive paradigm of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy 00:31:32 2.3.10 Relational psychoanalysis 00:32:43 2.3.11 Interpersonal-relational psychoanalysis 00:33:09 2.3.12 Intersubjective psychoanalysis 00:34:05 2.3.13 Modern psychoanalysis 00:35:02 3 Psychopathology (mental disturbances) 00:35:13 3.1 Adult patients 00:38:03 3.2 Childhood origins 00:41:20 4 Treatment 00:44:23 4.1 Techniques 00:46:21 4.1.1 Variations in technique 00:50:22 4.2 Group therapy and play therapy 00:52:36 4.3 Cultural variations 00:53:55 4.4 Cost and length of treatment 00:57:48 5 Training and research 00:57:58 5.1 United States 01:05:00 5.2 United Kingdom 01:07:19 5.3 Research 01:10:38 6 Evaluation of effectiveness 01:14:26 7 Criticism 01:14:35 7.1 As a field of science 01:20:54 7.2 Freudian theory 01:23:47 8 See also Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= Psychoanalysis is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques related to the study of the unconscious mind, which together form a method of treatment for mental-health disorders. The discipline was established in the early 1890s by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud and stemmed partly from the clinical work of Josef Breuer and others. Freud first used the term psychoanalysis (in French) in 1896. Die Traumdeutung (The Interpretation of Dreams), which Freud saw as his "most significant work", appeared in November 1899. Psychoanalysis was later developed in different directions, mostly by students of Freud such as Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung, and by neo-Freudians such as Erich Fromm, Karen Horney and Harry Stack Sullivan. Freud retained the term psychoanalysis for his own school of thought. The basic tenets of psychoanalysis include: a person's development is determined by often forgotten events in early childhood, rather than by inherited traits alone; human behaviour and cognition are largely determined by instinctual drives that are rooted in the unconscious; attempts to bring those drives into awareness triggers resistance in the form of defense mechanisms, particularly repression; conflicts between conscious and unconscious material can result in mental disturbances such as neurosis, neurotic traits, anxiety and depression; unconscious material can be found in dreams and unintentional acts, including mannerisms and slips of the tongue; liberation from the effects of the unconscious is achieved by bringing this material into the conscious mind through therapeutic intervention; the "centerpiece of the psychoanalytic process" is the transference, whereby patients relive their infantile conflicts by projecting onto the analyst feelings of love, dependence and anger.During psychoanalytic sessions, which typically last 50 minutes and ideally take place 4–5 times a week, the patient (the "analysand") may lie on a couch, with the analyst often sitting just behind and out of sight. The patient expresses his or her thoughts, including free associations, fantasies and dreams, from which the analyst infers the unconscious conflicts causing the patient's symptoms and character problems. Through the analysis of these conflicts, which includes interpreting the transference and countertransference (the analyst's feelings for the patient), the analyst confronts the patient's pathological defenses to help the patient gain insight. Psychoanalysis is a controversial discipline and its validity as a science is contested. Nonetheles ... |