Classical Conditioning vs. Operant Conditioning

The Willey Blackwell Handbook of Operant and Classical Conditioning 1st Edition
👉 https://amzn.to/3PiYwOC

Have you ever wondered how our behaviors are learned meet Ivan Pavlov and BF Skinner to behavioral psychologists who pioneered the theories of classical and operant conditioning respectively. Let's examine how the theories they studied help us understand the way we learn.

First let's visit Mr. Pavlov, he studied what is called classical conditioning, you'll sometimes also hear this referred to is responding conditioning, in classical conditioning learning refers to involuntary responses that result from experiences which occur before a response.

Classical conditioning occurs when you learn to associate to different stimuli, no behavior is involved, the first stimulus that you will encounter is called the unconditioned stimulus, an unconditioned stimulus produces a response without any previous learning, this response is called an unconditioned response.

For an example of a stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response, let's imagine a kiss, kissing creates involuntary arousal responses it causes you to experience an elevated heart rate for example, this is a natural response it's not learned and it happens automatically.

The unconditioned stimulus in this example is the kiss and the elevated heart rate is the unconditioned response in classical conditioning you now add a neutral stimulus to the experience it's called a neutral stimulus because it's not associated with the unconditioned response thinking of our example of a kiss.

Imagine that your favorite song is playing when you kiss song will be the neutral stimulus when the song is paired with kissing, your heart rate still increases because of the kiss, however after repeated pairing of your favorite song with the act of kissing your brain will start to think, I hear my favorite song, so kissing must be going to happen soon.

Because of this you will experience an increased heart rate when you hear your favorite song your brain is now associated your favorite song with kissing rather than continuing as a neutral stimulus the song has become a conditioned stimulus because it produces a response with or without the occurrence of kissing.

The increased heart rate is an unconditioned response following kissing but now also becomes a conditioned response when it follows your favorite song it is a conditioned response following the song because the song would not produce the elevated heart rate if it were not associated with the act of kissing next.

Let's visit Mr. Skinner, he studied what is called operant conditioning, you'll sometimes also hear this referred to as instrumental conditioning and operant conditioning learning refers to changes in behavior as a result of experiences that occur after response.

Operant conditioning involves changing voluntary behaviors, a behavior response is followed by either reinforcement or punishment.

Reinforcement following a behavior will cause the behavior to increase but if behavior is followed by punishment the behavior will decrease.

The Willey Blackwell Handbook of Operant and Classical Conditioning 1st Edition
👉 https://amzn.to/3PiYwOC

#Classical_Conditioning

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#Operant_Conditioning #Pavlov #Skinner #Psychology #Conditioning