This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Tamil Nadu


00:02:12 1 Pre-historic period
00:02:22 1.1 Palaeolithic
00:03:50 1.2 Neolithic
00:04:34 1.3 Iron Age
00:06:29 2 Early history
00:12:38 3 Interregnum (300–700)
00:15:57 4 Age of empires (600–1300)
00:18:40 4.1 Pallavas
00:21:00 4.2 Pandyas
00:22:58 4.3 Cholas
00:27:58 4.4 Cheras
00:31:25 4.5 Pandya revival
00:32:10 4.6 Delhi Sultanate
00:33:10 5 Martial Arts History of Tamil Nadu
00:34:13 6 Vijayanagar and Nayak period (1300–1650)
00:36:34 7 Maratha influence
00:37:21 8 Rule of Poligars, Nizams and Nawabs
00:39:59 9 European colonisation (1750–1858)
00:40:12 9.1 Anglo-French conflicts
00:42:16 9.2 British Government control
00:45:57 9.3 End of Company rule
00:46:30 10 British rule (1858-1947)
00:48:41 10.1 Independence struggle
00:51:03 11 Post Independence period
00:53:40 11.1 Evolution of regional politics
00:57:57 12 See also



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- Socrates



SUMMARY
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The region of Tamil Nadu or Tamilakam, in the southeast of modern India, shows evidence of having had continuous human habitation from 15,000 BCE to 10,000 BCE. Throughout its history, spanning the early Upper Paleolithic age to modern times, this region has coexisted with various external cultures.
The three ancient Tamil dynasties namely Chera, Chola, and Pandya were of ancient origins. Together they ruled over this land with a unique culture and language, contributing to the growth of some of the oldest extant literature in the world. They had extensive maritime trade contacts with the Roman empire. These three dynasties were in constant struggle with each other vying for hegemony over the land. Invasion by the Kalabhras during the 3rd century disturbed the traditional order of the land, displacing the three ruling kingdoms. These occupiers were overthrown by the resurgence of the Pandyas and the Pallavas, who restored the traditional kingdoms. The Cholas, who re-emerged from obscurity in the 9th century by defeating the Pallavas and the Pandyas, rose to become a great power and extended their empire over the entire southern peninsula. At its height the Chola empire spanned almost 3,600,000 km² (1,389,968 sq mi) straddling the Bay of Bengal. The Chola navy held sway over the Sri Vijaya kingdom in Southeast Asia.
Rapid changes in the political situation of the rest of India occurred due to incursions of Muslim armies from the northwest and the decline of the three ancient dynasties during the 14th century, the Tamil country became part of the Vijayanagara Empire. Under this empire, the Kannada speaking Nayak governors ruled before the European trading companies appeared during the 17th century eventually assuming greater sway over the indigenous rulers of the land. The Madras Presidency, comprising most of southern India, was created in the 18th century and was ruled directly by the British. After the independence of India, after the Telugu and Malayalam parts of Madras state were separated from tamilakam state in 1956, it was renamed as Tamil Nadu in 1969 by the state government.