Peacekeeping | Wikipedia audio article |
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This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacekeeping 00:02:14 1 Definitions and types of peacekeeping operations 00:02:26 1.1 United Nations peacekeeping missions 00:02:37 1.1.1 Chapter VI and Chapter VII mission types 00:06:53 1.1.2 UN missions during and after the Cold War 00:08:48 1.1.3 Broader aims of UN missions 00:11:10 1.2 Non-United Nations peacekeeping 00:13:04 2 Brief history 00:13:13 2.1 Creation and early years 00:14:31 2.2 Cold War peacekeeping 00:20:04 2.3 Since 1991 00:22:36 3 Composition of peacekeeping forces 00:22:47 3.1 Nations that participate in peacekeeping missions 00:27:07 3.2 Women's participation in peacekeeping 00:30:51 4 Theoretical basis for why peacekeeping missions should keep and preserve peace 00:37:55 5 Effectiveness of peacekeeping missions 00:43:40 5.1 Factors that Impact Lasting Peace 00:46:14 6 Impacts of peacekeeping on participating forces 00:46:26 6.1 Military normalisation 00:47:50 6.2 Political impact on sending countries 00:48:53 6.3 Impacts on individual peacekeepers 00:50:13 7 Criticism 00:50:22 7.1 Peacekeeping, human trafficking, and forced prostitution 00:57:20 7.2 Peacekeepers and the Haiti cholera crisis 01:00:15 7.3 Cultural Concerns Related to Contemporary Peacekeeping 01:07:45 7.4 Limitations on Contemporary Intervention and Conflict Resolution 01:23:12 7.5 Mission Creep 01:24:31 7.6 Lack of Engagement with the Populace 01:26:23 8 Proposed reform 01:26:33 8.1 Brahimi analysis 01:29:33 9 See also Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.763343242476803 Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= Peacekeeping refers to activities intended to create conditions that favour lasting peace. Research generally finds that peacekeeping reduces civilian and battlefield deaths and reduces the risk of renewed warfare. Within the United Nations (UN) group of nation-state governments and organisations, there is a general understanding that at the international level, peacekeepers monitor and observe peace processes in post-conflict areas, and may assist ex-combatants in implementing peace agreement commitments that they have undertaken. Such assistance may come in many forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social development. Accordingly, the UN peacekeepers (often referred to as Blue Berets or Blue Helmets because of their light blue berets or helmets) can include soldiers, police officers, and civilian personnel.The United Nations is not the only organisation to implement peacekeeping missions. Non-UN peacekeeping forces include the NATO mission in Kosovo (with United Nations authorisation) and the Multinational Force and Observers on the Sinai Peninsula or the ones organised by the European Union (like EUFOR RCA, with UN authorisation) and the African Union (like the African Union Mission in Sudan). The Nonviolent Peaceforce is one NGO widely considered to have expertise in general peacemaking by non-governmental volunteers or activists.Under international law, peacekeepers are non-combatants due to their neutral stance in the conflict between two or more belligerent parties (to the same extent as neutral personnel and properties outside of peacekeeping duties) and are to be protected from attacks at all times. |