Overactive bladder (OAB) is a term used to collectively refer to lower urinary tract symptoms such as frequency and urgency to void, with or without urge incontinence. Considered to be related to idiopathic detrusor overactivity, OAB causes sudden urge to urinate and incontinence. Neurological causes of overactive bladder include spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and diabetic neuropathy. In addition, conditions like urinary tract infections, blockages, bladder stones, tumors, and prostate enlargement can also affect detrusor muscle activity and contribute to OAB. Medications like diuretics and dietary factors like alcohol and caffeine may also lead to OAB by increasing urine production or stimulating detrusor muscle contraction. Common symptoms of OAB are urinary urgency, increased frequency of urination, nocturia, and urinary incontinence.
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