Hellenistic world | Wikipedia audio article |
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This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_period 00:02:39 1 Etymology 00:04:13 2 Sources 00:06:10 3 Background 00:09:22 4 The Diadochi 00:16:09 5 Southern Europe 00:16:17 5.1 Kingdom of Epirus 00:17:39 5.2 Kingdom of Macedon 00:20:18 5.3 Rest of Greece 00:24:21 5.4 Balkans 00:26:11 5.5 Western Mediterranean 00:29:08 6 Hellenistic Near East 00:30:08 6.1 Ptolemaic Kingdom 00:33:18 6.2 Seleucid Empire 00:37:06 6.3 Attalid Pergamum 00:38:27 6.4 Galatia 00:40:07 6.5 Bithynia 00:41:18 6.6 Cappadocia 00:42:27 6.7 Kingdom of Pontus 00:44:15 6.8 Armenia 00:45:58 6.9 Parthia 00:48:18 6.10 Nabatean Kingdom 00:49:28 6.11 Judea 00:52:18 7 Greco-Bactrians 00:54:50 8 Indo-Greek kingdoms 00:57:46 9 Other states and Hellenistic influences 01:02:32 10 Rise of Rome 01:09:46 11 Culture 01:13:10 11.1 Hellenization and acculturation 01:17:29 11.2 Religion 01:21:04 11.3 Literature 01:23:21 11.4 Philosophy 01:25:33 11.5 Sciences 01:30:02 11.6 Military science 01:32:21 11.7 Art 01:35:33 12 Hellenistic period and modern culture Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.9590217207400314 Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= The Hellenistic period covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. The Ancient Greek word Hellas (Ἑλλάς, Ellás) is the original word for Greece, from which the word Hellenistic was derived.At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism, Epicureanism, and Pyrrhonism. Greek science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes. The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and a syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism in Bactria and Northwest India. After Alexander the Great's invasion of the Achaemenid Empire in 330 BC and its disintegration shortly after, the Hellenistic kingdoms were established throughout south-west Asia (Seleucid Empire, Kingdom of Pergamon), north-east Africa (Ptolemaic Kingdom) and South Asia (Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom). The Hellenistic period was characterized by a new wave of Greek colonization which established Greek cities and kingdoms in Asia and Africa. This resulted in the export of Greek culture and language to these new realms, spanning as far as modern-day India. Equally, however, these new kingdoms were influenced by the indigenous cultures, adopting local practices where beneficial, necessary, or convenient. Hellenistic culture thus represents a fusion of the Ancient Greek world with that of the Near East, Middle East, and Southwest Asia. This mixture gave rise to a common Attic-based Greek dialect, known as Koine Greek, which became the lingua franca through the Hellenistic world. Scholars and historians are divided as to what event signals the end of the Hellenistic era. The Hellenistic period may be seen to end either with the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC following the Achean War, with the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, or even the move by Roman emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in 330 AD. "Hellenistic" is distinguished from "Hellenic" in that the first ... |