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10. Sierra Leone
After more than a decade of fighting, the civil war in Sierra Leone ended in 2002. While the country enjoyed a relatively smooth transition to peace, the effects of conflict on poverty and development are still very much felt here — in addition to more recent crises such as the 2014-16 Ebola epidemic, an increase in natural disasters, and the Covid pandemic. After years of economic improvement, the World Bank recorded a dramatic increase in inflation rates between 2021 and 2022 (11.9% and 27.2%, respectively).

9. Burkina Faso
Political unrest, conflict, and climate change have left Burkina Faso facing the worst humanitarian crisis in the country’s history — and a crisis largely “forgotten” in western media. Conditions improved somewhat in 2023: Inflation fell to 0.7% (compared to 14.1% in 2022), and the extreme poverty rate decreased slightly from 26.3% to 25.6%. However, the country has limited natural resources and more than 40% of Burkinabe live below the poverty line. Lasting improvement in poverty rates hinges on how well the security situation holds.

8. Yemen
Nearly a decade of conflict, combined with the effects of climate change, has left nearly 80% of Yemenis living below the poverty line, making it the “poorest” country in the Middle East (and the only country on this list not located in Africa). This is due in large part to a common economic impact of war: conflict leads to economic contractions and inflation, just as many civilians are left without steady work — and, by extension, salaries. A UN-brokered truce in 2022 led to some improvements in the economy, however a blockade on oil exports in 2023 undid that work.

7. Burundi
A landlocked country in East Africa, bordering Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Tanzania, Burundi is one of the most densely-populated countries in the world, with roughly 75% of that population living below the poverty line. Many are still recovering from a bloody civil war that ended in 2005, and dealing with the impacts of climate change in a country that is 80% agrarian.

6. Mali
The fourth-largest country on the African continent, Mali’s capital of Timbuktu once flourished as a trading post. A neighbour of Burkina Faso (No. 9) and Niger (No. 4), it now faces many of the same security challenges as other countries in the Sahel, as well as the impacts of the climate crisis.

5. Chad
Despite a $4 billion pipeline that links the country’s oil fields to coastline terminals, Chad is one of the world’s poorest countries owing to a lack of infrastructure and both local and regional conflict. This has left over 42% of the population living below the national poverty line, and more than 35% living below the international poverty line ($2.15 per day). This latter rate of extreme poverty represents a significant rise over the last five years. The crisis in Sudan has complicated matters for the country, which in 2023 projected an additional 600,000 refugees fleeing the neighbouring conflict. The longer this war goes on, the worse the humanitarian and economic situation will be in Chad.

4. Niger
According to the World Bank, the number of people living below the international poverty line in Niger increased by an estimated 1.1 million in 2023, meaning that over 52% of the country’s population now live on less than $2.15 per day. This is due to a mix of similar circumstances faced by other countries in the Sahel, including inter-factional conflict, climate change, and an overall unstable economy left as a vestige of the country’s colonial past.

3. Central African Republic
After more than a decade of crisis in the Central African Republic, the country has not been able to enjoy the dividends of peace. The conflict lingers on and has hindered the country’s development, with the World Bank declaring that economic activity “ground to a complete halt” in 2022 following major flooding and fuel shortages.

2. South Sudan
The youngest country in Africa is also one of the poorest: Since gaining independence in 2011, South Sudan has faced two periods of civil war, with a current — fragile — peace deal in place. The country is also susceptible to droughts and floods, further setting back progress and leaving 80% of the country’s population living below the poverty line.

1. Somalia
Over the last several decades, Somalia has faced a cycle of crisis, including major droughts, conflict, hunger, and weak governance. Roughly 70% of Somalis live below the poverty line, and 90% live in what’s known as “multidimensional poverty” — poverty based on poverty and education rates as well as access to infrastructure.

Source - https://www.concern.net/news/worlds-poorest-countries

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