How do The Current Batteries Work?
How do batteries work? A simple introduction - Explain that Stuff

The Difference Between A Capacitor & A Battery
What’s the Difference Between Batteries and Capacitors? | Machine Design

What Is A Super Capacitor?
Supercapacitors explained – the future of energy storage? - Undecided with Matt Ferrell (undecidedmf.com)

What Makes Lithium Ion Batteries So Good?
Battery Reality: There’s Nothing Better Than Lithium-Ion Coming Soon - Bloomberg (googleusercontent.com)

Upsides?
Benefits of Lithium-Ion Batteries | Tennant Blog (tennantco.com)

Downsides?
Lithium battery - Wikipedia

Why Don’t We Have Better Batteries?

Possible Options?

Other Types Of Metals?
Beyond lithium: alternative materials for the battery boom (power-technology.com)

What is Graphene?
Advantages and Disadvantages of Graphene | Stanford Advanced Materials (wordpress.com)

Why Do We Hear About New Batteries, Then Nothing?

Example Article: Future batteries, coming soon: Charge in seconds, last months a (pocket-lint.com)

When Should We Expect An Upgrade?

How Much Has Lithium Ion Improved, And How?
As battery costs plummet, lithium-ion innovation hits limits, experts say | S&P Global Market Intelligence
Three battery technologies that could power the future | Saft Batteries | We energize the world.