The Qur’an describes Pharaoh with the unique title “dhu al-awtad” (of awtād). My analysis of this title shows that it particularly applied to Ramesses II. This title is another significant piece of information in the Qur’an that does not exist in the Old Testament’s narrative of the Exodus.

00:00 Introduction
01:24 The Meaning of “Awtād”
03:16 First proof of meaning of “Awtād”
03:37 Second proof: in description of mountains
09:48 Ramesses II: A Building-Obsessed Pharaoh
12:44 Pharaoh’s Wife
16:10 conclusion