Arthur Schopenhauer was a German Philosopher known for his deep philosophical reflections.

For Schopenhauer, the underlying force of reality is the Will (also called will to live or will to life), which is the essence of existence. It is an unconscious and blind desire that restlessly strives for more activity. The will is the tornado that swirls inside of us and throws us from one place to the other, it is the source of our insatiable appetite that results in strife and misery.

But if the world is will, it must be a world of suffering. Each individual bears within himself a disruptive contradiction; the realised desire develops a new desire, and so on endlessly. For Schopenhauer, life is evil because pain is its basic stimulus and reality. Pleasure is merely a negative cessation of pain.

As soon as suffering ceases, we are overcome by boredom, in other words, more suffering. Boredom is nothing other than the sensation of the emptiness of existence.

Schopenhauer’s writing is far from the sterile and academic German of the time, his work is straight-forward, colloquial, concrete, full of metaphors and anecdotes. His philosophy sent him on a quest for tranquility and peace of mind. He offers as alternatives the denial of the will, the wisdom of life through philosophy, aesthetics and ethics.

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📚 Recommended Reading

▶ The World as Will and Representation, Vol. 1
https://amzn.to/3lR1hd1
▶ The World as Will and Representation, Vol. 2
https://amzn.to/3MW4AeU
▶ Parerga and Paralipomena (Essays and Aphorisms)
https://amzn.to/3LW1DtA
▶ The Wisdom of Life
https://amzn.to/3PHp3pL
▶ On the Suffering of the World
https://amzn.to/3PObWD5

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🎶 Music used

1. Mysterious Ambient Background Music – The Rake – CO.AG Music
2. Mesmerize – Kevin MacLeod
3. Mourning Song – Kevin MacLeod
4. Dark Ambient Background Music – The Lost – CO.AG Music
5. Anguish – Kevin MacLeod
6. Aftermath – Kevin Macleod
7. You've Seen The Butcher [Just Background Music] - Dane Gerous Schmidt & Arianna Tysinger

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📝 Sources

- The World as Will and Representation – Arthur Schopenhauer
- Parerga and Paralipomena – Arthur Schopenhauer
- Durant, W. (1961). Story of philosophy. Simon and Schuster.
- Magee, B. (1997). The philosophy of Schopenhauer.
- https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/schopenhauer/
- Schopenhauer - BBC In Our Time Podcast
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryaNu7rXR_I&t
- The Germans: Schopenhauer by Wes Cecil
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WP20RHlX6d4
- Nietzsche and Schopenhauer's Pessimism – Lecture
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03wU7sDyG08

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⌛ Timestamps

(0:00) Introduction: Arthur Schopenhauer
(7:47) The World as Will and Representation
(15:07) The Will to Reproduce
(16:36) The World as Evil
(22:52) The Denial of the Will
(25:11) Philosophy: The Wisdom of Life
(27:32) Aesthetics
(30:45) Ethics

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