A Norwegian neuroscientist best known for his role in the discovery of grid cells in the brain and the identification of their function in generating spatial coordinates used by animals to navigate their environment. Moser’s research has important implications for scientists’ understanding of spatial representation in the mammalian brain and offers insight into spatial deficits in neurological disease, such as Alzheimer's. For his contributions, he received the 2014 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. He shared the award with his then-wife, Norwegian neuroscientist May-Britt Moser, and their mentor John O'Keefe.

He is a member of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters, the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters and the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences. He is also an Honorary Professor at the Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems at the Edinburgh University Medical School.