Talmud | Wikipedia audio article |
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This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Talmud 00:01:45 1 Etymology 00:02:02 2 History 00:03:09 3 Babylonian and Jerusalem 00:04:14 3.1 Jerusalem Talmud 00:07:15 3.2 Babylonian Talmud 00:09:43 3.3 Comparison of style and subject matter 00:12:59 4 Structure 00:13:45 4.1 Mishnah 00:14:38 4.2 Baraita 00:15:22 4.3 Gemara 00:16:32 4.4 Minor tractates 00:16:52 5 Language 00:18:03 6 Printing 00:18:12 6.1 Bomberg Talmud 1523 00:18:45 6.2 Benveniste Talmud 1645 00:19:16 6.3 Slavuta Talmud 1795 and Vilna Talmud 1835 00:21:28 6.4 Goldschmidt Talmud 1897–1909, and German translation 00:22:00 6.5 Critical editions 00:23:48 6.6 Editions for a wider audience 00:26:19 7 Translations 00:26:28 7.1 Talmud Bavli 00:30:31 7.2 Talmud Yerushalmi 00:31:55 8 Scholarship 00:32:18 8.1 Geonim 00:33:06 8.2 Halakhic and Aggadic extractions 00:34:28 8.3 Commentaries 00:39:14 8.4 Pilpul 00:41:14 8.5 Sephardic approaches 00:43:26 8.6 Brisker method 00:44:26 8.7 Critical method 00:44:48 8.7.1 Textual emendations 00:48:06 8.8 Historical analysis, and higher textual criticism 00:52:34 8.9 Contemporary scholarship 00:56:23 9 Role in Judaism 00:56:54 9.1 Sadducees 00:57:18 9.2 Karaism 00:58:11 9.3 Reform Judaism 00:59:08 9.4 Humanistic Judaism 00:59:27 9.5 Present day 01:01:44 10 In visual arts 01:01:54 10.1 In Carl Schleicher's paintings 01:02:17 10.2 Jewish art 01:02:26 11 Other contexts 01:05:02 12 Criticism 01:06:28 12.1 Middle Ages 01:13:09 12.2 19th century and after 01:15:30 12.3 Contemporary accusations 01:17:17 13 See also Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= The Talmud (; Hebrew: תַּלְמוּד talmūd) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (halakha) and Jewish theology. Until the advent of modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the centerpiece of Jewish cultural life and was foundational to "all Jewish thought and aspirations", serving also as "the guide for the daily life" of Jews.The term "Talmud" normally refers to the collection of writings named specifically the Babylonian Talmud (Talmud Bavli), although there is also an earlier collection known as the Jerusalem Talmud (Talmud Yerushalmi). It may also traditionally be called Shas (ש״ס), a Hebrew abbreviation of shisha sedarim, or the "six orders" of the Mishnah. The Talmud has two components; the Mishnah (Hebrew: משנה, c. year 200 CE), a written compendium of Rabbinic Judaism's Oral Torah; and the Gemara (circa year 500 CE), an elucidation of the Mishnah and related Tannaitic writings that often ventures onto other subjects and expounds broadly on the Hebrew Bible. The term "Talmud" may refer to either the Gemara alone, or the Mishnah and Gemara together. The entire Talmud consists of 63 tractates, and in standard print is over 6,200 pages long. It is written in Mishnaic Hebrew and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic and contains the teachings and opinions of thousands of rabbis (dating from before the Common Era through to the fifth century) on a variety of subjects, including halakha , Jewish ethics, philosophy, customs, history, lore and many other topics. The Talmud is the basis for all codes of Jewish law, and is widely quoted in rabbinic literature. |