Climate categories, the factors that control climate, and paleoclimate proxies- difference between weather and climate, Koppen's climate categories (tropical rainy, dry, mid-latitude humid and warm, mid to high latitude humid and cold, polar), solar radiation, latitude and continents, global wind patterns (Coriolis effect), oceanic circulations (thermohaline currents), mountain belts / distribution (precipitation patterns), surface reflectivity (albedo), ice / snow and positive & negative feedback, atmospheric composition (greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide, methane, permafrost melting, water vapor, sulfur dioxide, acid rain), astronomical factors (Earth's rotation, tilt and wobble), paleoclimate vs. current climate change / global warming (fossil fuels, human-caused climate change, temperature rise, rate, effect of warming on environment and life, coral bleaching, polar bears, 6th mass extinction, and the *great* thing about climate change for us humans!)

References: Investigations in Historical Geology: Lab Manual by Deborah Caskey and Vicki Harder (2014) - Lab 13
https://redshelf.com/book/51724/investigations-in-historical-geology-51724-9781464160905-caskeyharder
Earth System History: https://amzn.to/3ospM1k

GEO GIRL Website: https://www.geogirlscience.com/ (visit my website to see all my courses, shop merch, learn more about me, and donate to support the channel if you'd like!)

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Tools I use as a geologist/teacher/student:
Geology field notebook: https://amzn.to/3lb6dJf
Geology rock hammer: https://amzn.to/3DZw8MA
Geological compass: https://amzn.to/3hfbdLu
Geological hand lens: https://amzn.to/3jXysM5
Camera: https://amzn.to/3l6fGRT
Carbon-neutral pencil bag: https://shrsl.com/3cvjv
Carbon-neutral backpack: https://shrsl.com/3cvkc

0:00 Climate vs. weather
0:47 Climate categories
2:24 Factors that control climate
2:39 Climate feedback mechanisms
3:57 How solar radiation affects climate
4:35 How albedo affects climate
5:47 How continental latitude affects climate
6:20 How wind patterns affect climate
7:44 How ocean circulation affects climate
8:14 How mountains affect climate
8:44 How atmospheric composition affects climate
9:34 How CO2 affects climate
10:24 Is methane worse than CO2 for global warming?
11:30 How volcanos affect climate
11:56 How astronomical factors affect climate
12:54 How we reconstruct paleoclimate
15:30 Current global warming trend

Image sources:
https://blogpox.wordpress.com/bp-climate-change-2/
https://earthhow.com/koppen-climate-classification/
https://worldoceanreview.com/en/wor-1/climate-system/earth-climate-system/
https://climateatlas.ca/downloads
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/meteo469/node/116
http://www.jspanyan.com/newsshow.aspx?nid=239
https://www.slideshare.net/mojavehack/62-factors-that-influence-weather/7
http://www.ces.fau.edu/nasa/module-3/why-does-temperature-vary/angle-of-the-sun.php
https://lv.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltika_(kontinents)
https://apollo.nvu.vsc.edu/classes/met130/notes/chapter10/single_cell.html
https://allthatsinteresting.com/coriolis-effect
http://www.brujitafr.fr/2019/02/voici-les-phenomenes-qui-expliquent-la-chaleur-extreme-qui-sevit-en-australie-rien-a-voir-avec-le-c02-texte-de-carlos-ramirez.html
https://tecake.in/atlantic-ocean-current-slows-down-to-the-record-low-in-1000-years-scientists-blame-global-warming
https://wps.prenhall.com/esm_tarbuck_earth_8/19/5075/1299455.cw/index.html
https://kaiserscience.wordpress.com/earth-science/weather/atmosphere/
https://people.wou.edu/~jpadilla10/mywebsite/comparingthe2hemispheres.html
https://slideplayer.com/slide/8195283/
http://www.geologyfortoday.com/fossil-facts.html
https://www.fossilera.com/fossils/cretaceous-gastropod-and-clam-fossils-coon-creek-formation
http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil_Galleries/GreenRiverFossils/Salix-cockerelli/plant-fossil-18.htm
https://yossipels.typepad.com/.a/6a0128771d526b970c0134851c48ed970c-popup
https://ckck.tumblr.com/post/54938128718/pollen-from-a-variety-of-common-plants-under-a
https://revolution-green.com/media-creates-false-balance-climate-science-study-shows/
https://eco310classblog.wordpress.com/2017/12/16/climate-change-a-hot-button-issue/
https://gh.glbnews.com/08-2019/52780347852400/
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Atmospheric-CO-2-concentrations-measured-at-Mauna-Loa-Observatory-taken-from-ESRL_fig1_323613434
https://interactionprojectyeucyprus.wordpress.com/

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