This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioural_genetics


00:02:05 1 History
00:06:23 2 Methods
00:06:50 2.1 Animal studies
00:08:10 2.2 Twin and family studies
00:15:28 2.3 Measured genetic variants
00:18:32 2.4 Quasi-experimental designs
00:20:51 3 General findings
00:22:53 3.1 Genetic influences on behaviour are pervasive
00:24:48 3.2 Nature of environmental influence
00:29:28 3.3 Nature of genetic influence
00:33:55 4 Criticisms and controversies



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SUMMARY
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Behavioural genetics, also referred to as behaviour genetics, is a field of scientific research that uses genetic methods to investigate the nature and origins of individual differences in behaviour. While the name "behavioural genetics" connotes a focus on genetic influences, the field broadly investigates genetic and environmental influences, using research designs that allow removal of the confounding of genes and environment. Behavioural genetics was founded as a scientific discipline by Francis Galton in the late 19th century, only to be discredited through association with eugenics movements before and during World War II. In the latter half of the 20th century, the field saw renewed prominence with research on inheritance of behaviour and mental illness in humans (typically using twin and family studies), as well as research on genetically informative model organisms through selective breeding and crosses. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, technological advances in molecular genetics made it possible to measure and modify the genome directly. This led to major advances in model organism research (e.g., knockout mice) and in human studies (e.g., genome-wide association studies), leading to new scientific discoveries.
Findings from behavioural genetic research have broadly impacted modern understanding of the role of genetic and environmental influences on behaviour. These include evidence that nearly all researched behaviors are under a significant degree of genetic influence, and that influence tends to increase as individuals develop into adulthood. Further, most researched human behaviours are influenced by a very large number of genes and the individual effects of these genes are very small. Environmental influences also play a strong role, but they tend to make family members more different from one another, not more similar.