This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila


00:03:59 1 Etymology
00:05:13 1.1 May-nilad
00:07:26 2 History
00:07:35 2.1 Early history
00:11:20 2.2 Spanish period
00:18:31 2.3 American period
00:20:53 2.4 Japanese occupation and World War II
00:23:30 2.5 Contemporary period
00:31:34 3 Geography
00:34:12 3.1 Climate
00:35:41 3.2 Natural hazards
00:37:20 3.3 Pollution
00:38:50 4 Cityscape
00:40:20 4.1 Architecture
00:43:18 5 Demographics
00:47:32 5.1 Crime
00:48:56 5.2 Religion
00:49:05 5.2.1 Christianity
00:51:55 5.2.2 Other faiths
00:52:38 6 Economy
00:58:16 6.1 Tourism
01:00:41 6.2 Shopping
01:02:44 7 Culture
01:02:53 7.1 Museums
01:05:03 7.2 Sports
01:09:00 7.3 Festivities and holidays
01:10:36 8 Law and government
01:14:42 8.1 Finance
01:15:48 8.2 Barangays and districts
01:19:01 9 Infrastructure
01:19:11 9.1 Transportation
01:24:19 9.2 Utilities
01:24:28 9.2.1 Water and electricity
01:25:26 10 Healthcare
01:27:46 11 Education
01:30:55 12 Notable people
01:31:05 13 Sister cities
01:31:14 13.1 Asia Pacific
01:31:23 13.2 Europe
01:31:46 13.3 Americas
01:31:55 14 International relations
01:32:05 14.1 Consulates
01:32:14 15 Pending transboundary nominations
01:34:30 16 See also



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SUMMARY
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Manila (; Filipino: Maynilà, pronounced [majˈnilaʔ] or [majniˈla]), officially the City of Manila (Filipino: Lungsod ng Maynilà [luŋˈsod nɐŋ majˈnilaʔ]), is the capital of the Philippines. As of 2018 it was the most densely populated city proper in the world. It was the first chartered city by virtue of the Philippine Commission Act 183 on July 31, 1901 and gained autonomy with the passage of Republic Act No. 409 or the "Revised Charter of the City of Manila" on June 18, 1949. Manila, alongside Mexico City and Madrid are considered the world's original set of Global Cities due to Manila's commercial networks being the first to traverse the Pacific Ocean, thus connecting Asia with the Spanish Americas, marking the first time in world history when an uninterrupted chain of trade routes circled the planet. Manila has been damaged by and rebuilt from wars more times than the famed city of Troy and it is also the second most natural disaster afflicted capital city in the world next to Tokyo yet it is simultaneously among the most populous and most wealthy cities in Southeast Asia.The Spanish city of Manila was founded on June 24, 1571, by Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi. The date is regarded as the city's official founding date. Manila was also the seat of power for most of the country's colonial rulers. It is home to many historic sites, some of which were built during the 16th century. Manila has many of the Philippines' firsts, including the first university (1590), light station (1642), lighthouse tower (1846), water system (1878), hotel (1889), electricity (1895), oceanarium (1913), stock exchange (1927), flyover (1930s), zoo (1959), pedestrian underpass (1960), science high school (1963), city-run university (1965), city-run hospital (1969), and rapid transit system (1984; also considered as the first rapid transit system in Southeast Asia).The term "Manila" is commonly used to refer to the whole metropolitan area, the greater metropolitan area or the city proper. The officially defined metropolitan area called Metro Manila, the capital region of the Philippines, includes the much larger Quezon City and the Makati Central Business District. It is the most populous region of the country, one of the most populous urban areas in the world, and is one of the wealthiest regions in Southeast Asia. The city proper is home to 1,780,148 people in 2015, and is the historic core of a built-up area that extends well beyond its administrative limits. With 71,263 people per square kilometer, Manila is also the most densely populated city p ...