This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux


00:04:21 1 History
00:04:30 1.1 Precursors
00:07:50 1.2 Creation
00:09:18 1.3 Naming
00:10:54 1.4 Commercial and popular uptake
00:12:50 1.5 Current development
00:13:43 2 Design
00:18:33 2.1 User interface
00:22:29 2.2 Video input infrastructure
00:23:21 3 Development
00:26:06 3.1 Community
00:30:04 3.2 Programming on Linux
00:34:03 4 Hardware support
00:35:41 5 Uses
00:36:37 5.1 Desktop
00:38:24 5.1.1 Performance and applications
00:41:53 5.1.2 Components and installation
00:44:00 5.2 Netbooks
00:44:56 5.3 Servers, mainframes and supercomputers
00:46:59 5.4 Smart devices
00:49:56 5.5 Embedded devices
00:51:19 5.6 Gaming
00:53:37 5.7 Specialized uses
00:54:41 5.7.1 Home theater PC
00:55:41 5.7.2 Digital security
00:56:48 5.7.3 System rescue
00:57:41 5.7.4 In space
00:59:33 5.7.5 Education
01:00:25 5.7.6 Others
01:01:49 6 Market share and uptake
01:06:39 7 Copyright, trademark, and naming
01:12:26 8 See also



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- Socrates


SUMMARY
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Linux ( (listen) LIN-əks) is a family of free and open-source software operating systems built around the Linux kernel. Typically, Linux is packaged in a form known as a Linux distribution (or distro for short) for both desktop and server use. The defining component of a Linux distribution is the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name. The Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to refer to the operating system family, as well as specific distributions, to emphasize that most Linux distributions are not just the Linux kernel, and that they have in common not only the kernel, but also numerous utilities and libraries, a large proportion of which are from the GNU project. This has led to some controversy.Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture, but has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system. Because of the dominance of the Linux kernel-based Android OS on smartphones, Linux has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems. Linux is also the leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers, and the only OS used on TOP500 supercomputers (since November 2017, having gradually eliminated all competitors). It is used by around 2.3% of desktop computers. The Chromebook, which runs the Linux kernel-based Chrome OS, dominates the US K–12 education market and represents nearly 20% of the sub-$300 notebook sales in the US. Linux also runs on embedded systems, i.e. devices whose operating system is typically built into the firmware and is highly tailored to the system. This includes TiVo and similar DVR devices, network routers, facility automation controls, televisions, video game consoles and smartwatches. Many smartphones and tablet computers run Android and other Linux derivatives.The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open-source software collaboration. The underlying source code may be used, modified and distributed—commercially or non-commercially—by anyone under the terms of its respective licenses, such as the GNU General Public License.

Some of the most popular and mainstream Linux distributions are Arch Linux, CentOS, Debian, Fedora, Gentoo Linux, Linux Mint, Mageia, openSUSE, Raspbian, and Ubuntu, together with commercial distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. Distributions include the Linux kernel, supporting utilities and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project, and usually a large amount of application software to fulfil the distribution's intended use. Desktop Linux distributions include a windowing system ...