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A return of solar panel manufacturing to the U.S. could reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. New research found that decarbonization would occur faster if domestic production was increased. A less expensive, more efficient material design for water purification has been found. Catalysts made of just a few atoms have performed well enough for researchers to begin testing for practical large-scale use. The NSF has partnered with federal agencies to launch seven new national artificial intelligence research institutes. The $140 million dollar investment is focused to harness opportunities and address risks associated with AI.