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Sources:

The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela
via Project Gutenberg
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/14981/14981-h/14981-h.htm

Judá Leví
The Kuzari
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Kitab_al_Khazari

(PDF) Some Fundamentals of Jewish Demographic History
Serio Della Pergola, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
https://www.bjpa.org/content/upload/bjpa/dell/DellaPergola%20Some%20Fundamentals.pdf

"Benjamin of Tudela"
Dr. Henry Abramson (YouTube)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hchB7YmhIRI

"Who Was Yehudah HaLevi?"
Dr. Henry Abramson (YouTube)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8TdIhflsrU

0:00 The Almoravid Conquests
2:06 Judá Leví
4:41 Who Was Benjamin of Tudela?
6:47 Italy
9:28 The Roman Empire
11:09 The Kingdom of Jerusalem
12:02 The Abbasid Caliphate
12:49 Demographics
14:21 Egypt