Until 2015, scientists could only infer the existence of theoretical black holes. But everything changed when the LIGO experiment detected gravitational waves from the collision of two binary black holes 1.3 billion light-years from Earth. In this program, Brain Greene talks to Vicky Kalogera, a leading member of the LIGO Collaboration, about the inner workings of the LIGO detector—the most accurate measuring device humans have ever built—and what we've learned about black holes and the fabric of the universe since this monumental discovery.

PARTICIPANT: Vicky Kalogera

MODERATOR: Brian Greene

MORE INFO ABOUT THE PROGRAM AND PARTICIPANTS: https://www.worldsciencefestival.com/programs/darkness-visible-shedding-new-light-black-holes/

This program is part of the BIG IDEAS SERIES, made possible with support from the JOHN TEMPLETON FOUNDATION.

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TOPICS:

0:07 - Einstein’s theory on gravitational waves
3:18 - Vicky Kalogera intro
3:57 - What is LIGO?
5:57 - How did LIGO detect gravitational waves?
7:40 - What causes gravitational waves?
10:25 - What was the signal like when the waves were generated?
12:56 - Converting the gravitational wave signal into sound
18:40 - Calculating and simulating gravitational waves
20:21 - Detecting neutron star collisions
25:38 - What did we learn from the neutron star collision discovery?
28:26 - How are these discoveries testing Einstein’s theory of general relativity?

PROGRAM CREDITS:

- Produced by John Plummer
- Associate Produced by Laura Dattaro
- Animation/Editing by Josh Zimmerman
- Music provided by APM
- Additional images and footage provided by: Getty Images, Shutterstock, Videoblocks

This program was recorded live at the 2018 World Science Festival and has been edited and condensed for YouTube.

Watch the full unedited program here: https://youtu.be/3JE_KMfuEWk