Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II | Wikipedia audio article |
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This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki 00:03:30 1 Background 00:03:39 1.1 Pacific War 00:07:34 1.2 Preparations to invade Japan 00:12:07 1.3 Air raids on Japan 00:18:24 1.4 Atomic bomb development 00:20:42 2 Preparations 00:20:52 2.1 Organization and training 00:24:26 2.2 Choice of targets 00:29:22 2.3 Proposed demonstration 00:32:52 2.4 Leaflets 00:35:38 2.5 Consultation with Britain and Canada 00:38:34 2.6 Potsdam Declaration 00:40:48 2.7 Bombs 00:43:02 3 Hiroshima 00:43:11 3.1 Hiroshima during World War II 00:46:46 3.2 Bombing of Hiroshima 00:51:32 3.3 Events on the ground 00:57:39 3.4 Japanese realization of the bombing 00:59:47 4 Events of August 7–9 01:03:33 5 Nagasaki 01:03:42 5.1 Nagasaki during World War II 01:06:27 5.2 Bombing of Nagasaki 01:16:15 5.3 Events on the ground 01:20:05 6 Plans for more atomic attacks on Japan 01:22:07 7 Surrender of Japan and subsequent occupation 01:26:10 8 Reportage 01:32:19 9 Post-attack casualties 01:35:04 9.1 Cancer increases 01:36:54 9.2 Birth defect investigations 01:39:42 9.3 Investigations into brain development 01:44:24 10 iHibakusha/i 01:47:01 10.1 Double survivors 01:48:22 10.2 Korean survivors 01:49:11 11 Memorials 01:51:37 12 Debate over bombings 01:53:24 13 Legacy Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.9083692744991658 Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= During the final stage of World War II, the United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively, with the consent of the United Kingdom, as required by the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings killed 129,000–226,000 people, most of whom were civilians, and remain the only use of nuclear weapons in the history of armed conflict. In the final year of the war, the Allies prepared for what was anticipated to be a very costly invasion of the Japanese mainland. This undertaking was preceded by a conventional and firebombing campaign that devastated 67 Japanese cities. The war in Europe had concluded when Germany signed its instrument of surrender on May 8, 1945. As the Allies turned their full attention to the Pacific theater, Japan faced the same fate. The Allies called for the unconditional surrender of the Imperial Japanese armed forces in the Potsdam Declaration on July 26, 1945—the alternative being "prompt and utter destruction". Japan ignored the ultimatum and the war continued. By August 1945, the Allies' Manhattan Project had produced two types of atomic bombs, and the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) was equipped with the specialized Silverplate version of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress that could deliver them from Tinian in the Mariana Islands. Orders for atomic bombs to be used on four Japanese cities were issued on July 25. On August 6, one of the modified B-29s dropped a uranium gun-type ("Little Boy") bomb on Hiroshima. Three days later, on August 9, a plutonium implosion ("Fat Man") bomb was dropped by another B-29 on Nagasaki. The bombs immediately devastated their targets. Over the next two to four months, the acute effects of the atomic bombings killed 90,000–146,000 people in Hiroshima and 39,000–80,000 people in Nagasaki; roughly half of the deaths in each city occurred on the first day. Large numbers of people continued to die from the effects of burns, radiation sickness, and other injuries, compounded by illness and malnutrition, for many months afterward. In both cities, most of the dead were civilians, although Hiroshima had a sizable military garrison. On August 15—six days after the bombing of Nagasaki and the Soviet Union's declaration of war—Japan announced its surrender to the Allies. On September 2 in Tokyo Bay, the Japanese government signed the instrument of surrender, which effectively ended World War II. The effects of ... |