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Immunology is the study of the immune system and is a very important branch of the medical and biological sciences. The immune system protects us from infection through various lines of defence. If the immune system is not functioning as it should, it can result in diseases, such as autoimmunity, allergy and cancer.

The immune system is a complex system of structures and processes that have evolved to protect us from the disease. Molecular and cellular components make up the immune system. The function of these components is divided up into nonspecific mechanisms, those which are innate to an organism, and responsive responses, which are adaptive to specific pathogens. Fundamental or classical immunology involves studying the components that make up the innate and adaptive immune system.

Active Immunity- Active immunity is defined as immunity to a pathogen that occurs following exposure to the said pathogen. When the body is exposed to a novel disease agent, B cells, a type of white blood cell, create antibodies that assist in destroying or neutralizing the disease agent. Antibodies are y-shaped proteins that are capable of binding to sites on toxins or pathogens called antigens. Antibodies are disease-specific, meaning that each antibody protects the body from only one disease agent. For instance, antibodies produced when the body detects the virus that causes mumps will not provide any defence against cold or flu viruses.

Passive Immunity - Passive immunity is protection from a disease provided by antibodies created outside of the body. Passive immunity: (1) Does not require previous exposure to a disease agent
T(2) akes effect immediately (3) Does not last long (up to a few months)

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