Portugal | Wikipedia audio article |
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This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Portugal 00:03:51 1 Etymology 00:05:32 2 History 00:05:41 2.1 Prehistory 00:09:20 2.2 Roman Lusitania and Gallaecia 00:12:01 2.3 Germanic kingdoms: Suebi and Visigoths 00:17:14 2.4 Islamic period and the Reconquista 00:19:40 2.5 County of Portucale 00:22:59 2.6 Afonsine era 00:25:56 2.7 Joanine era and Age of Discoveries 00:29:38 2.8 Iberian Union, Restoration and early Brigantine era 00:32:45 2.9 Pombaline era and Enlightenment 00:37:45 2.10 Napoleonic era 00:40:58 2.11 Constitutional monarchy 00:44:36 2.12 First Republic and Estado Novo 00:48:01 2.13 Carnation Revolution and European integration 00:53:19 3 Geography 00:55:24 3.1 Climate 01:00:54 3.2 Biodiversity 01:05:20 4 Government and administration 01:07:04 4.1 Presidency of the Republic 01:08:05 4.2 Government 01:09:19 4.3 Parliament 01:10:14 4.4 Law and drug policy 01:12:20 4.5 LGBT+ rights in Portugal 01:13:17 4.6 Law enforcement 01:13:50 4.7 Administrative divisions 01:15:41 4.8 Foreign relations 01:18:35 4.9 Military 01:21:32 4.10 Government finance 01:25:01 5 Economy 01:30:24 5.1 Primary sector 01:34:26 5.2 Secondary sector 01:35:33 5.3 Tertiary sector 01:38:05 5.4 Quaternary sector 01:41:35 5.5 Transport 01:45:56 5.6 Energy 01:48:05 6 Demographics 01:53:14 6.1 Urbanization 01:53:23 6.2 Metropolitan areas and Functional Urban Area (FUA) 01:53:40 6.3 Immigration 01:55:59 6.4 Religion 01:58:04 6.5 Languages 02:00:04 6.6 Education 02:03:58 6.7 Health 02:07:32 7 Culture 02:08:28 7.1 Architecture 02:09:14 7.2 Cinema 02:09:58 7.3 Literature 02:11:09 7.4 Cuisine 02:13:25 7.5 Music 02:16:46 7.6 Visual arts 02:18:11 7.7 Sport 02:22:24 8 See also Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= Portugal (Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣal]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa [ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ]), is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe. It is bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain. Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments. Portugal is the oldest state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times. The Pre-Celts, Celts, Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples. Portugal as a country was established during the Christian Reconquista against the Moors who had invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD. Despite attempts at independence since its foundation as a county in 868, only after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128, where Portuguese forces led by Afonso Henriques defeated forces led by his mother, Theresa of Portugal, the County of Portugal affirmed its sovereignty and Henriques styled himself Prince of Portugal. He would later be proclaimed King of Portugal at the Battle of Ourique in 1139 and was recognised as such, by neighbouring kingdoms, on the Treaty of Zamora, in 1143.In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal established the first global empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers. During this period, today referred to as the Age of Discovery, Portuguese explorers pioneered maritime exploration, notably under royal patronage of Prince Henry the Navigator and King John II, with such notable voyages as Bartolomeu Dias' sailing beyond the Cape of Good Hope (Cabo da Boa Esperança) (1488), Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India (1497–98) and the European discovery of Brazil (1500). During this time Portugal monopolized the spice trade, and the empire expanded with military campaigns in Asia. However, events such as the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, the Industrial Revolution, the Seven Years' War, the country's occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the ind ... |