In the mid of December 2019, a group of people presented to ER of different hospitals of Wuhan, China with the complaints of Fever, Malaise, headache, dry cough, Shortness of breath. They were diagnosed as cases of atypical pneumonia. These patients were admitted. Some of them developed Respiratory failure and needed ventilatory support.
On detailed inquiry, it was revealed that these people had visited Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan recently and some of them worked there. So, doctors realized that there is something wrong with this market. That this market is the point source of this infection.
Bronchial lavage was done, and they were able to isolate a virus from these patient’s Bronchial fluid. They realized that this virus resembled a virus that previously caused a SARS outbreak in China in 2002-2003. They informally named this virus as 2019-Novel-Coronavirus (2019nCoV) or Wuhan coronavirus. When genomic studies were done, they found that about 70% genome of this “new” coronavirus resembles that of SARS-CoV. Later it was established that both of these viruses belonged to the same species. And this supposedly “new” virus is actually a new strain of SARS-CoV so it was officially named SARS2-CoV by International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
Both SARS-Cov and SARS2-CoV belong to species SARSr-CoV (SARS related Coronavirus).
SARS means Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. It is the type of atypical pneumonia that is caused by SARS-CoV. The Atypical Pneumonia that is caused by SARS2-CoV was named as COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease of 2019) by WHO and its clinically similar to SARS.
Coronaviruses have been known for decades. Most of its strains/species that cause disease in humans are not much harmful and they are involved in many cases of common cold. Nonetheless, some species/strains of coronavirus are the culprits for some serious outbreaks in the human history
For example:
SARS outbreak in 2002-2003 in china by SARS-CoV
MERS (Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome) in 2012
COVID-19 outbreak in 2019 in China

Coronaviruses are the members of “Coronaviridae” family taxonomically arranged under the order “Nidovirales” as they form nested subgenomic mRNA
Genome:
They carry a single-stranded, non-segmented, positive-sense RNA as their genome.
Nucleocapsid:
The nucleocapsid is helical in shape
Envelop:
Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses. Their envelope is derived from the host's ER membrane.
Envelop proteins:
E-protein, M-Protein and S-Protein
S-Proteins help in recognition n attachment with the ACE2 receptors of human alveolar epithelial cells.

Website: https://www.medicovisual.com
Email: draizaz@medicovisual.com