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Sundown towns, also known as sunset towns, gray towns, or sundowner towns, are all-white municipalities or neighborhoods in the United States that practice a form of racial segregation by excluding non-whites through some combination of discriminatory local laws, intimidation or violence. The term came from signs posted that "colored people" had to leave town by sundown. The practice was not limited to the southern states, as "at least until the early 1960s...northern states could be nearly as inhospitable to black travelers and residents of nearby towns as states like Alabama or Georgia. Following the end of the Reconstruction era, thousands of towns and counties across the United States became sundown localities, as part of the imposition of Jim Crow laws and other segregationist practices. In most cases, the exclusion was official town policy or was proclaimed by the community's real estate agents through exclusionary covenants governing who could buy or rent property. In others, the policy was implemented through intimidation. This intimidation occurred in a number of ways, including harassment by law enforcement officers. Although racially restrictive covenants were struck down by the Supreme Court in its 1948 Shelley v. Kraemer decision—many hundreds of towns continue to effectively exclude black people and other minorities in the twenty-first century.


Utilized Sources:
https://www.zinnedproject.org/materials/sundown-towns/
https://justice.tougaloo.edu/sundown-towns/using-the-sundown-towns-database/state-map/


Additional Resources:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pYbGzLL0HFs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QElGnmTPtc&t=12s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtIPudTIMdM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWQfDbbQv9E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-nbGUCDdS88

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