Spanish dialects and varieties | Wikipedia audio article |
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Spanish dialects and varieties 00:02:02 1 Sets of variants 00:03:58 2 Pronunciation 00:04:07 2.1 Distinción vs. seseo and ceceo 00:05:34 2.2 Yeísmo 00:07:05 2.3 Variants of span/s/ 00:08:01 2.4 Debuccalization of coda span/s/ 00:09:57 2.5 Vowel reduction 00:10:51 2.6 Pronunciation of ij/i 00:12:21 2.7 Word-final i-n/i 00:14:10 2.8 iR/i sounds 00:20:48 2.9 Pronunciation of ix/i 00:23:11 2.10 Adoption of the affricates itz/i and itl/i 00:24:09 2.11 Other loaned phonetics 00:24:52 2.12 Pronunciation of ich/i 00:25:34 2.13 Open-mid vowels 00:26:46 2.14 Judaeo-Spanish 00:28:16 3 Grammar 00:28:25 3.1 Variation in second-person pronouns and verbs 00:29:49 3.1.1 Second person singular 00:39:14 3.1.2 Second person plural 00:40:56 3.1.3 Second-person verb forms 00:44:49 3.2 Verb tenses for past events 00:49:07 4 Vocabulary 00:49:59 5 Mutual comprehension 00:51:47 6 See also 00:51:56 6.1 Cants and argots 00:52:28 6.2 Mixes with other languages 00:53:21 6.3 Other 00:53:45 7 Notes 00:53:54 8 Bibliography 00:54:03 9 Further reading 00:54:21 10 External links Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= Some of the regional varieties of the Spanish language are quite divergent from one another, especially in pronunciation and vocabulary, and less so in grammar. While all Spanish dialects adhere to approximately the same written standard, all spoken varieties differ from the written variety, to different degrees. There are differences between European Spanish (also called Peninsular Spanish) and the Spanish of the Americas, as well as many different dialect areas both within Spain and within Hispanic America. Prominent differences of pronunciation among dialects of Spanish include: the maintenance or lack of distinction between the phonemes /θ/ and /s/ (distinción vs. seseo and ceceo); the maintenance or loss of distinction between phonemes represented orthographically by ll and y (yeísmo); the maintenance of syllable-final [s] vs. its weakening to [h] (called aspiration, or more precisely debuccalization), or its loss; and the tendency, in areas of central Mexico and of the Andean highlands, to reduction (especially devoicing), or loss, of unstressed vowels, mainly when they are in contact with voiceless consonants.Among grammatical features, the most prominent variation among dialects is in the use of the second-person pronouns. In Hispanic America the only second-person plural pronoun, for both formal and informal treatment, is ustedes, while in most of Spain the informal second-person plural pronoun is vosotros with ustedes used only in the formal treatment. For the second-person singular familiar pronoun, some Hispanic America dialects use tú (and its associated verb forms), while others use either vos (see voseo) or both tú and vos (which, together with usted, can make for a possible three-tiered distinction of formalities). There are significant differences in vocabulary among regional varieties of Spanish, particularly in the domains of food products, everyday objects, and clothes; and many Hispanic American varieties show considerable lexical influence from Native American languages. |