Centuries after the fall of the Roman Empire, French kings struggled for control against the church and the aristocracy. Chaos and bloody warfare rampaged and France stood on the edge of utter disaster as the French Revolution turned into a period of brutal repression. From the ashes emerged one of the greatest military strategists in history, Napoleon. Throughout his reign, France built brilliantly innovative, widely influential masterpieces that have given the world some of its greatest feats of engineering. They include: The massive and majestic Notre Dame de Paris, the Canal du Midi, The Eiffel Tower, and The Arc de Triomphe, an enduring monument to the glory of France under Napoleon.