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Few threats have devastated India like the Khalistan insurgency of the 1980s and 1990s. A dark chapter that left tens of thousands dead, unleashed tanks on one of Earth's holiest places, orchestrated the most chilling terror attack in Canadian history, and silenced India's most formidable Prime Minister this movement appeared extinguished by the mid-90s, only to rise again from the ashes fueled by unresolved tensions and leap into headlines in 2023.

So what is Khalistan? Why has it resurfaced? And can fertiliser be blamed for it all?

Well, let’s find out!

The illustrations were created by our illustrator https://twitter.com/ChicoDLHistoria

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SOURCES:
Anandpur Sahib Resolution

J. S. Grewal - The Sikhs of the Punjab

TERRORISM IN PUNJAB Understanding Grassroots Reality

Deol, S. S. Militancy and Counter-Militancy Operations: Changing Patterns and Dynamics of Violence in Punjab, 1978 to 1993.

Singh, K. Sikh Ethnonationalism and Its Contested Articulation During Militancy in Punjab.

Sekhon, J. S., & Singh, N. Rise, Dynamics, and Decline of Violence in Punjab: A Critical Reassessment of Existing Explanations.

Singh, G. Sikh Nationalism From a Dominant Minority to an Ethno-Religious Diaspora.

Bakke, K. M. Decentralization and Intrastate Struggles: Chechnya, Punjab, and Québec.

Tatla, D. S. The Sikh Diaspora: The Search for Statehood.

Wolpert, S. SHAMEFUL FLIGHT: The Last Years of the British Empire in India.

Axel, B. K. Beyond the Land of Five Rivers: Social Inequality and Class Consciousness in the Canadian Sikh Diaspora.

Juergensmeyer, M. When God Stops Fighting: How Religious Violence Ends.

Jetly, R. THE KHALISTAN MOVEMENT IN INDIA: The Interplay of Politics and State Power.

Shani, G. Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age.

Sidhu, G. B. S. The Khalistan Conspiracy.

Chima, J. S. The Shiromani Akali Dal and Emerging Ideological Cleavages in Contemporary Sikh Politics in Punjab: Integrative Regionalism versus Exclusivist Ethnonationalism.

Hultquist, P. Countering Khalistan: Understanding India’s Counter-Rebellion Strategies during the Punjab Crisis.

Webb, M. J. Khalistan & Kashmir: A Tale of Two Conflicts.


Music by Epidemic Sound: https://epidemicsound.com/creator

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