People have long wondered who built Stonehenge. Using recent genetic findings and archaeological analysis I build a case for who were the most probable creators of the final stage of the site which has captured the imagination of millions.

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00:00 Intro
00:50 Opening
01:21 Earliest Period
02:12 The Neolithic Farmers
03:56 Based on Wood?
05:12 Dating Stonehenge
08:35 The Beaker People
10:38 Bowman burial secrets
13:38 Mixing it up
16:20 Two Possibilities for Stonehenge
18:38 Pots are not actually people
20:40 Sky Burials at Seahenge
23:35 2500 BC
25:50 Germany's Henge
27:30 Woodhenge: Posts or Palace?
29:40 Tara - the henge of the high king
30:45 Last gasp or power flex?
32:00 Orkney - Neolithic Male Bastion
35:04 Mine that copper!
36:13 Conclusion


Sources Used

The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5973796/

Stonehenge's Continental Cousin:
https://www.archaeology.org/issues/411-2101/letter-from/9295-germany-woodhenge

The ring sanctuary of Pömmelte, Germany: a monumental, multi-layered metaphor of the late third millennium BC:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/ring-sanctuary-of-pommelte-germany-a-monumental-multilayered-metaphor-of-the-late-third-millennium-bc/583BE3828E1DB4B638F6E34F96B18125

Dynamic changes in genomic and social structures in third millennium BCE central Europe
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abi6941

Bell Beakers and Mycenaeans from Yamnaya; Corded Ware from the forest steppe
https://indo-european.eu/2019/09/bell-beakers-and-mycenaeans-from-yamnaya-corded-ware-from-the-forest-steppe/

The prestige of warriors: Bell Beaker archers’ equipment in Central Europe
https://journals.openedition.org/pm/2167

Kinship and social organization in Copper Age Europe. A cross-disciplinary analysis of archaeology, DNA, isotopes, and anthropology from two Bell Beaker cemeteries
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0241278

How was Bell Beaker economy related to Corded Ware and Early Bronze Age lifestyles? Archaeological, botanical and palynological evidence from the Hegau, Western Lake Constance region
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259903141_How_was_Bell_Beaker_economy_related_to_Corded_Ware_and_Early_Bronze_Age_lifestyles_Archaeological_botanical_and_palynological_evidence_from_the_Hegau_Western_Lake_Constance_region

Finding the origins of the first farmers
https://archaeology.co.uk/articles/news/finding-the-origins-of-the-first-farmers.htm

Beakers in Britain. The Beaker package reviewed
https://journals.openedition.org/pm/2286

THE ARRIVAL OF THE BELL BEAKER SET IN BRITAIN AND IRELAND
https://www.academia.edu/24957136/THE_ARRIVAL_OF_THE_BELL_BEAKER_SET_IN_BRITAIN_AND_IRELAND

Uncovering Neolithic and Early Bronze Age landscapes: new data from southwestern Poland
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284551815_Uncovering_Neolithic_and_Early_Bronze_Age_landscapes_new_data_from_southwestern_Poland

Embracing Bell Beaker Adopting new ideas and objects across Europe during the later 3rd millennium BC
https://www.academia.edu/40365630/Embracing_Bell_Beaker_Adopting_new_ideas_and_objects_across_Europe_during_the_later_3rd_millennium_BC_c_2600_2000_BC_

The Amesbury Archer and the Boscombe Bowmen: Chronology and the radiocarbon dating programme
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311923483_Chronology_and_the_radiocarbon_dating_programme

The Boscombe Bowmen
https://www.wessexarch.co.uk/our-work/boscombe-bowmen

The world recreated: redating Silbury Hill in its monumental landscape

The return of the Beaker folk? Rethinking migration and population change in British prehistory
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/return-of-the-beaker-folk-rethinking-migration-and-population-change-in-british-prehistory/ABF13307796A0476353FA8D2DA38A21A

Ancient DNA at the edge of the world: Continental immigration and the persistence of Neolithic male lineages in Bronze Age Orkney
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2108001119

Who was buried at Stonehenge?
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/30054512_Who_Was_Buried_at_Stonehenge

The age of Stonehenge
https://dro.dur.ac.uk/5811/1/5811.pdf