Global positioning | Wikipedia audio article |
|
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System 00:04:16 1 History 00:06:40 1.1 Predecessors 00:12:49 1.2 Development 00:20:04 1.3 Timeline and modernization 00:26:26 1.4 Awards 00:30:18 2 Basic concept of GPS 00:30:29 2.1 Fundamentals 00:32:02 2.2 More detailed description 00:34:13 2.3 User-satellite geometry 00:35:47 2.4 Receiver in continuous operation 00:37:31 2.5 Non-navigation applications 00:39:11 3 Structure 00:39:55 3.1 Space segment 00:43:25 3.2 Control segment 00:49:49 3.3 User segment 00:52:48 4 Applications 00:53:33 4.1 Civilian 00:59:26 4.1.1 Restrictions on civilian use 01:01:11 4.2 Military 01:04:59 5 Communication 01:05:43 5.1 Message format 01:09:16 5.2 Satellite frequencies 01:14:59 5.3 Demodulation and decoding 01:16:45 6 Navigation equations 01:16:55 6.1 Problem description 01:22:50 6.2 Geometric interpretation 01:23:14 6.2.1 Spheres 01:25:01 6.2.2 Hyperboloids 01:26:06 6.2.3 Inscribed sphere 01:26:58 6.2.4 Spherical cones 01:28:08 6.3 Solution methods 01:28:18 6.3.1 Least squares 01:30:47 6.3.2 Iterative 01:31:27 6.3.3 Closed-form 01:33:12 7 Error sources and analysis 01:34:27 8 Accuracy enhancement and surveying 01:34:38 8.1 Augmentation 01:35:59 8.2 Precise monitoring 01:41:26 8.3 Timekeeping 01:41:35 8.3.1 Leap seconds 01:42:31 8.3.2 Accuracy 01:43:29 8.3.3 Format 01:43:38 8.4 Carrier phase tracking (surveying) 01:44:05 9 Regulatory spectrum issues concerning GPS receivers 01:46:17 10 Other systems 02:03:53 11 See also 02:14:27 12 Notes 02:15:37 13 References Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.7318197471646875 Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-B "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Air Force. It is a global navigation satellite system that provides geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. Obstacles such as mountains and buildings block the relatively weak GPS signals. The GPS does not require the user to transmit any data, and it operates independently of any telephonic or internet reception, though these technologies can enhance the usefulness of the GPS positioning information. The GPS provides critical positioning capabilities to military, civil, and commercial users around the world. The United States government created the system, maintains it, and makes it freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver.The GPS project was launched by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1973 for use by the United States military and became fully operational in 1995. It was allowed for civilian use in the 1980s. Advances in technology and new demands on the existing system have now led to efforts to modernize the GPS and implement the next generation of GPS Block IIIA satellites and Next Generation Operational Control System (OCX). Announcements from Vice President Al Gore and the White House in 1998 initiated these changes. In 2000, the U.S. Congress authorized the modernization effort, GPS III. During the 1990s, GPS quality was degraded by the United States government in a program called "Selective Availability"; this was discontinued in May 2000 by a law signed by President Bill Clinton.The GPS service is provided by the United States government, which can selectively deny access to the system, as happened to the Indian military in 1999 during the Kargil War, or degrade the service at any time. As a result, several countries have developed or are in the process of setting up other global or regional satellite navigation systems. The Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) was developed contemporaneously with GPS, but suffered from incomplete coverage of the globe until the mid-2000s. GLONASS can be added to GPS devic ... |