Property | Wikipedia audio article |
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This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property 00:03:24 1 Overview 00:09:46 1.1 Types of property 00:12:35 2 Related concepts 00:12:51 2.1 Violation 00:13:00 2.2 Miscellaneous action 00:13:09 3 Issues in property theory 00:13:19 3.1 What can be property? 00:19:00 3.2 Who can be an owner? 00:19:52 3.3 Whether and to what extent the state may interfere with property 00:22:30 4 Theories 00:27:20 5 Property in philosophy 00:27:59 5.1 Ancient philosophy 00:29:54 5.2 Medieval philosophy 00:30:04 5.2.1 Thomas Aquinas (13th century) 00:31:12 5.3 Modern philosophy 00:31:21 5.3.1 Thomas Hobbes (17th century) 00:32:10 5.3.2 James Harrington (17th century) 00:33:10 5.3.3 Robert Filmer (17th century) 00:33:48 5.3.4 John Locke (17th century) 00:37:06 5.3.5 David Hume (18th century) 00:39:08 5.3.6 Adam Smith 00:41:20 5.3.7 Karl Marx 00:42:23 5.3.8 Charles Comte – legitimate origin of property 00:44:10 5.3.9 Pierre Proudhon – property is theft 00:45:46 5.3.10 Frédéric Bastiat – property is value 00:48:00 5.3.11 Andrew J. Galambos – a precise definition of property 00:50:06 5.4 Contemporary views 00:52:40 6 See also Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.9245989128514925 Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-D "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= Property, in the abstract, is what belongs to or with something, whether as an attribute or as a component of said thing. In the context of this article, it is one or more components (rather than attributes), whether physical or incorporeal, of a person's estate; or so belonging to, as in being owned by, a person or jointly a group of people or a legal entity like a corporation or even a society. Depending on the nature of the property, an owner of property has the right to consume, alter, share, redefine, rent, mortgage, pawn, sell, exchange, transfer, give away or destroy it, or to exclude others from doing these things, as well as to perhaps abandon it; whereas regardless of the nature of the property, the owner thereof has the right to properly use it (as a durable, mean or factor, or whatever), or at the very least exclusively keep it. In economics and political economy, there are three broad forms of property: private property, public property, and collective property (also called cooperative property).Property that jointly belongs to more than one party may be possessed or controlled thereby in very similar or very distinct ways, whether simply or complexly, whether equally or unequally. However, there is an expectation that each party's will (rather discretion) with regard to the property be clearly defined and unconditional, so as to distinguish ownership and easement from rent. The parties might expect their wills to be unanimous, or alternately every given one of them, when no opportunity for or possibility of dispute with any other of them exists, may expect his, her, its or their own will to be sufficient and absolute. The Restatement (First) of Property defines property as anything, tangible or intangible whereby a legal relationship between persons and the state enforces a possessory interest or legal title in that thing. This mediating relationship between individual, property and state is called a property regime.In sociology and anthropology, property is often defined as a relationship between two or more individuals and an object, in which at least one of these individuals holds a bundle of rights over the object. The distinction between "collective property" and "private property" is regarded as a confusion since different individuals often hold differing rights over a single object.Important widely recognized types of property include real property (the combination of land and any improvements to or on the land), personal property (physical possessions belonging to a person), private property (property owned by legal persons, business entities or individual natural persons), public property (state o ... |