Integral | Wikipedia audio article |
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This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral 00:00:46 1 History 00:03:20 1.1 Pre-calculus integration 00:03:28 1.2 Newton and Leibniz 00:04:47 1.3 Formalization 00:05:13 1.4 Historical notation 00:05:22 2 Applications 00:06:11 3 Terminology and notation 00:06:20 3.1 Standard 00:07:23 3.2 Meaning of the symbol idx/i 00:08:37 3.3 Variants 00:14:36 4 Interpretations of the integral 00:14:46 5 Formal definitions 00:16:56 5.1 Riemann integral 00:19:43 5.2 Lebesgue integral 00:21:36 5.3 Other integrals 00:22:19 6 Properties 00:22:31 6.1 Linearity 00:23:13 6.2 Inequalities 00:23:24 6.3 Conventions 00:23:34 7 Fundamental theorem of calculus 00:27:26 7.1 Statements of theorems 00:27:56 7.1.1 Fundamental theorem of calculus 00:30:46 7.1.2 Second fundamental theorem of calculus 00:33:06 7.2 Calculating integrals 00:35:44 8 Extensions 00:37:23 8.1 Improper integrals 00:37:32 8.2 Multiple integration 00:41:43 8.3 Line integrals 00:47:38 8.4 Surface integrals 00:49:08 8.5 Contour integrals 00:49:28 8.6 Integrals of differential forms 00:52:48 8.7 Summations 00:53:21 9 Computation 00:53:30 9.1 Analytical 00:54:28 9.2 Symbolic 00:55:27 9.3 Numerical 00:57:27 9.4 Mechanical 00:57:56 9.5 Geometrical 00:58:05 10 See also 01:00:17 11 Notes 01:03:12 12 References 01:05:12 13 External links 01:06:44 13.1 Online books 01:07:28 Integrals of differential forms 01:11:17 Summations 01:11:37 Computation 01:11:46 Analytical 01:14:41 Symbolic 01:17:56 Numerical 01:22:46 0...2 01:25:26 0. However, the substitution u 01:26:03 Mechanical 01:26:26 Geometrical 01:26:42 See also Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts "There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= In mathematics, an integral assigns numbers to functions in a way that can describe displacement, area, volume, and other concepts that arise by combining infinitesimal data. Integration is one of the two main operations of calculus, with its inverse operation, differentiation, being the other. Given a function f of a real variable x and an interval [a, b] of the real line, the definite integral ∫ a b f ( x ) d x {\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,dx} is defined informally as the signed area of the region in the xy-plane that is bounded by the graph of f, the x-axis and the vertical lines x = a and x = b. The area above the x-axis adds to the total and that below the x-axis subtracts from the total. The operation of integration, up to an additive constant, is the inverse of the operation of differentiation. For this reason, the term integral may also refer to the related notion of the antiderivative, a function F whose derivative is the given function f. In this case, it is called an indefinite integral and is written: F ( x ) = ∫ f ( x ) d x . {\displaystyle F(x)=\int f(x)\,dx.} The integrals discussed in this article are those termed definite integrals. It is the fundamental theorem of calculus that connects differentiation with the definite integral: if f is a continuous real-valued function defined on a closed interval [a, b], then, once an antiderivative F of f is known, the definite integral of f over that interval is given by ∫ a b f ( x ) d x = [ F ( x ) ] a b = F ( b ) �� ... |