Renaissance | Wikipedia audio article |
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This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance 00:04:42 1 Overview 00:08:43 2 Origins 00:10:41 2.1 Latin and Greek phases of Renaissance humanism 00:14:01 2.2 Social and political structures in Italy 00:17:17 2.3 Black Plague 00:20:31 2.4 Cultural conditions in Florence 00:22:18 3 Characteristics 00:22:28 3.1 Humanism 00:26:02 3.2 Humanism and Libraries 00:27:26 3.3 Art 00:31:39 3.4 Science 00:35:05 3.5 Navigation and Geography 00:37:04 3.6 Music 00:37:56 3.7 Religion 00:40:52 3.8 Self-awareness 00:43:03 4 Spread 00:43:44 4.1 England 00:44:18 4.2 France 00:46:02 4.3 Germany 00:47:18 4.4 Hungary 00:50:44 4.5 Netherlands 00:51:28 4.6 Northern Europe 00:53:52 4.7 Poland 00:55:31 4.8 Portugal 00:58:35 4.9 Russia 01:03:56 4.10 Spain 01:05:43 4.11 Further countries 01:05:58 5 Historiography 01:06:08 5.1 Conception 01:09:35 5.2 Debates about progress 01:13:11 6 Other Renaissances Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.8477631725430045 Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= The Renaissance (UK: , US: ) is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries and marking the transition from the middle ages to modernity. The traditional view focused more on the early modern aspects of the Renaissance and argued that it was a break from the past, but many historians today focus more on its medieval aspects and argue that it was an extension of the late medieval period.The intellectual basis of the Renaissance was its own invented version of humanism, derived from the concept of Roman Humanitas and the rediscovery of classical Greek philosophy, such as that of Protagoras, who said that "Man is the measure of all things." This new thinking became manifest in art, architecture, politics, science and literature. Early examples were the development of perspective in oil painting and the recycled knowledge of how to make concrete. Although the invention of metal movable type sped the dissemination of ideas from the later 15th century, the changes of the Renaissance were not uniformly experienced across Europe: the very first traces appear in Italy as early as the late 13th century, in particular with the writings of Dante and the paintings of Giotto. As a cultural movement, the Renaissance encompassed innovative flowering of Latin and vernacular literatures, beginning with the 14th-century resurgence of learning based on classical sources, which contemporaries credited to Petrarch; the development of linear perspective and other techniques of rendering a more natural reality in painting; and gradual but widespread educational reform. In politics, the Renaissance contributed to the development of the customs and conventions of diplomacy, and in science to an increased reliance on observation and inductive reasoning. Although the Renaissance saw revolutions in many intellectual pursuits, as well as social and political upheaval, it is perhaps best known for its artistic developments and the contributions of such polymaths as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, who inspired the term "Renaissance man".The Renaissance began in Florence, Italy, in the 14th century. Various theories have been proposed to account for its origins and characteristics, focusing on a variety of factors including the social and civic peculiarities of Florence at the time: its political structure; the patronage of its dominant family, the Medici; and the migration of Greek scholars and texts to Italy following the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks. Other major centres were northern Italian city-states such as Venice, Genoa, Milan, Bologna, and finally Rome during the Renaissance Papacy. The Renaissance has a long and complex historiography, and, in line with general scepticism of discrete periodizations, there has been much debate among historians reacting to the 19th-century glorification of the "Renaissance" and individ ... |