We now know the culprit of two mysterious tsunamis which struck Japan in early October of 2023. The cause was a deep submarine volcanic eruption, although there are still some details to pin down. For example, did a caldera collapse occur, or were the tsunamis generated by powerful volcanic explosions underwater? This video will discuss both of these possibilities and the overall tsunami sequence that occurred.

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Sources/Citations:
[1] Gargani, Julien. (2023). Relative sea level and coastal vertical movements in relation with volcano-tectonic processes in Mayotte. 10.48550/arXiv.2301.00417., CC BY 4.0
[2] U.S. Geological Survey
[3] NOAA
[4] Japanese Meteorological Agency
[5] For the approximate explosion yield of the January 15th 2021 HTHH eruption: Díaz, J.S., Rigby, S.E. Energetic output of the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha‘apai volcanic eruption from pressure measurements. Shock Waves 32, 553–561 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-022-01092-4, CC BY 4.0
[6] YouTube (for the image of my own video at 1m41s)

0:00 A Mysterious Tsunami
0:12 A Volcanic Culprit
0:58 Tsunami Sequence
2:34 Volcanic Explosion
3:37 Caldera Collapse